A Note to Rememer - 2159 Words

A Note to Remember Music is a form of life that has a variety of purposes; even the human mind cannot comprehend them all. It should be considered a need but because of the economy and its hardship it has bestowed upon people, when school budgets tighten, music programs feel the pressure early and brace for a potential beating (Jennings). Our education system should allow children to express themselves through efficacious learning experiences, giving them the opportunity them to get in-touch with, and strengthen, their creativity (Lim and Chung, S60, Terrance). There is no doubt other programs includes this, but when it comes to music, people question its capability and it is considered â€Å"not cool†. Without music in our education programs,†¦show more content†¦Music can impact a school in a way that leads it to a bright future. On the pathway to a prosperous era, it is music’s structure that affects the human brain and quality it encounters. An example linking the mind and its acquaintances is The Mozart Effect. Study confirms that listening to Mozart improves spatial temporal tasks (Ho, Mason, Spence), and with repeated testing, this effect can possibly increase spatial reasoning (Music 23). Many studies have taken place, attempting to uncover a credulous explanation for this Mozart madness. One suggests a person’s temporal attention is aroused when given a visual blink task. Participants in this experiment were presented with two target digits, and the object was to try and identify them while listening to Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major. They were to listen to this piece played normally, in reverse, and turned off. Given a correct detection of the first given target, results showed that the second one was detected more accurately when the sonata was played normally than when in reverse or in silence. This procedure demonstrates the Mozart Effect and an existence of a temporal section using a â€Å"non-spatial visual AB task † (Ho, Mason, Spence). Another study focuses on auditory conditions with music listening. The analytical section of the Graduate Record Exam held twenty five questions that were given to seventy-two undergraduate students. TheShow MoreRelatedCritiquethe Managers Job: Folklore and Fact1547 Words   |  7 Pageslinking this topic to the theme. Although, there are some other factors that influence the effective management. Critique †¢ The aurthor uses many statistics to prove that incidents are incapable of being avoided during office hours, he notes only 10% activities exceeded one hour in his study and â€Å" a diary study of 160 British middle and top managers that they worked without interruption for a half hour or more only about once every two days. ( Rosemary stewart 1967). In aurthor’s opinionRead MoreCritiquethe Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact1532 Words   |  7 Pagesinstead of linking this topic to the theme. Although, there are some other factors that influence the effective management. Critique †¢ The aurthor uses many statistics to prove that incidents are incapable of being avoided during office hours, he notes only 10% activities exceeded one hour in his study and â€Å" a diary study of 160 British middle and top managers that they worked without interruption for a half hour or more only about once every two days. ( Rosemary stewart 1967). In aurthor’s opinion

Chinese-American Culture Free Essays

What culture they had was to be forgotten – a difficult and practically impossible feat. The Chinese-Americans faced a wall of cultural difference that could only be scaled with the support of their parents and local community. The book review of Bone by Nhi Le stated clearly how † †¦ the first generations† struggle to survive and the second generations† efforts to thrive †¦ † made the transition into American culture possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese-American Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Overcoming barriers such as language, education, work ethic, and sex roles was just a beginning to the problems that all Asian – Americans faced. The most obvious and one of the most difficult walls to climb was the language. First generation immigrants rarely became fluent in English and more often than not learned so little that they were entrapped in a society of working in very menial jobs and job conditions. Jobs ranging from sweatshops, dirty factories, shipyards, and railroads are prime examples of the conditions they were forced to live and work in. Fae Ng described the difficulty very well by taking a look at her mother†s job in the clothing factory and Leon†s Job on the ships. They had very little advancement in the work force because they couldn†t communicate well enough that they actually had skills. Trials in the work place helped the immigrants impress upon their children the importance of education. Education in Asia was and is completely different from western civilization. Asian teachers bear all the responsibility without any help from the home. Ng†s portrayal of Leila as a school teacher and how difficult it was to connect with the Asian children†s parents is a situation relating back to the separation of education and the home in Asia. Another difficult barrier in education was the role of the student. In Asia the student learns what material is given to them and interaction with the teacher is uncommon. The parent – teacher – student interaction was a brand new idea to Asian families. Adapting to this new system could take generations of work by devoted teachers. Money. A word that captures all peoples attention was scarce among the Asian – American community. The low wages drove both parents into the work force and changed the roles of women in the family. The Asian way of the wife being submissive in all activities and only working at home with the children changed with the move to America. The wife†s working made a more equal standing in the household but also deprived the children of a quality home life. The importance of women in Asia is non-existent. For example: women had to walk behind their husbands in Asian culture but in American culture they rose to equal standing because of their work status. Understanding the Cultural differences can lead one to understand Bone from a new perspective. Expectations of difficulty for the women in the book are much more prevalent and the children†s unstable home environment can be understood. Views of hopelessness and defeat in a new culture are expectations that the reader of Bone could not overlook. Fae Mynne Ng, the Author of Bone, will try to illustrate the difficulties of the cultural barriers throughout her book. Relating experiences of her characters to her own experiences in the Chinese subculture of San Francisco will be understood. Ng will create parallel experiences of her life to Leila†s with education, family life, and work environment. The hard life of the first generation will be paralleled to the lives of Leila†s mother and father. Ng will describe the tasks of adapting from old culture to new culture and the fight Asian – Americans had to win to get rights in America. Bone will help Americans to accept other cultures and understand how to deal with some of the problems that arise in the culture-clash of immigrants. A vast knowledge in relating to immigrants and accepting their differences will make the world a better place. Americans tolerance level and understanding of the immigrants is raised due to authors such as Fae Ng. How to cite Chinese-American Culture, Papers

The Changing Face Of Basketball Essay Example For Students

The Changing Face Of Basketball Essay The Changing Face of BasketballBasketball has come a long way since its soccer ball and peach basket beginningsin that its style, players, facilities and leagues have developed dramaticallyand gained tremendous popularity. Salaries have increased from Bob Cousysminute $45.00 a game (Minser 37) to Michael Jordans $300,000 + per game(Minser 37). Basketball is a sport in which all ages can participate in any way,shape, or form and is a big part of American society today. In 1891 James A. Naismith invented basketball at a YMCA gymnasium in Springfield, Massachusetts(Hollander 4). He told a custodian to nail two peach baskets 10 feet high onopposite ends of the gymnasium walls. The first teams consisted of nine playerson each side (this was later changed to five because of roughness) (Hollander 5-7). The main rules were one could not take more than two steps with the ball,which meant one would have to dribble it and it was not to be a contact sport,so one was not allowed to tackle or push, etc or a foul would be called. Therules have developed in that a shot clock was installed. The shot clock is a 24second clock that a team had to shoot within that time period (Minsky 12). Basketball has developed in that players have become more flashy, facilitieshave become bigger and more complex, and leagues have grown. The 50s marked aperiod of fundamentals. Teams practiced shooting, dribbling, and passing. theyalso emphasized execution; something lacking in todays game. Execution is therunning of plays to perfection. Basketball in the 50s was dominated by 610George Mikan of the Minneapolis Lakers (Minsky 14).Mikan was a disciplined teamleader who had a masterful soft shot. Big George led the Lakers to five NationalBasketball Association (NBA) championships in six years, making them the firstprofessional basketball dynasty (Minsky 14). Growing up, George was veryuncoordinated and was cut from almost every basketball team he tried out for;however, a man named Ray Meyer was the coach of DePaul University and dedicatedhis training sessions to Mikan (Minsky 15-16). George worked very hard; he eventook dance lessons to improve his agility and footwork. He also played o ne on one with shorter but faster players in order to improve his defensivepositioning. He also jumped rope, played hours of catch with tennis and medicineballs, and practiced 250 hook shots daily with each hand (Minsky 16). Mikanbecame an immediate force for DePaul, leading them to a 1945 NationalInvitational Tournament crown, scoring in one game an amazing 53 points. HeGraduated DePaul in 1946 as a three time All American, and was the biggestbasketball star up to that time (Minsky 16). there were only a few centers thatwould ever classify as great, but George Mikan, Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain,and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar head that list. Georges build, Russells defense,Chamberlains style, and Abdul-Jabbars grace all set these guys apart from therest of the basketball world. Like Mikan, Russell was the typical hard-workingteam player. Russell was one of the best rebounders, if not the best, ever toplay basketball. Out of all the centers ever to play the game, Russell had themost suc cess. He led his Boston Celtic team to 11 NBA titles (eight in a row) in13 years; an all time NBA record (Minsky 26). Russells Celtic team was one ofthe best ever judging by statistics. However, there was no one Bill Russellfeared more than Wilt The Stilt Chamberlain (Minsky 26). Russell , being thebest defensive center in the league, prided himself on being able to guard thebest offensive center in the league: Chamberlain. Russell verses Chamberlainwill go down in history as one of the best matchups in the history of the sport. .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c , .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c .postImageUrl , .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c , .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c:hover , .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c:visited , .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c:active { border:0!important; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c:active , .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude243cf455cfbbf8d5e12a8cbcf8fd0c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Trakasti Transporteri Sample EssayThroughout the ten years the opposing centers played, they met 162 times (Minsky30). In those games, Chamberlains points were down and rebounds were up andvisa versa for Russell (Minsky 30). last, but definitely not least, was KareemAbdul-Jabbar. Abdul-Jabbar, unlike Mikan, was predicted and destined to be great. At 72 and with the body of a sprinter, Abdul-Jabbar was expected to reachunrealistic standards, which he usually met all of his life. When he enteredcollege, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) made a rule tooutlaw dunking so he couldnt score at will (Minsky 57). That forced him todevelop his virtually unstoppable shot the Skyhook. He used the Skyhook tolead the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to three straight NCAAtitles and the Los Angeles Lakers to six NBA titles in 20 years. He alsoshattered Wilt Chamberlains all time scoring record, won the leagues MostValuable Player award a record six times and played on the All Star team 19times (Minsky 58). Just like the evolution of the centers, all the positions changed like guards,shooting guards, and power forwards. Bob Cousy was the first showman of the NBAand many followed his act until it became normal procedure among players. It isalmost painful to think of the tempo of the game before Bob Cousy arrived. Headded a flair to the game never seen before. Soon, his style was transformed byOscar Robertson, then by Pistol Pete Maravitch, Magic Johnson, and finallyIsiah Thomas. Bob Petit was the first great power forward, using every pound andevery inch the opponent allowed. What Petit lacked in style, he doubled inpower.. Rick Barry dramatically changed the power forward position with a dead-eye shot and an unorthodox free throw. Today we have the dazzling dunks of KarlMalone and Shawn Kemp. Perhaps the most revolutionized of all positions is theshooting guard. It all started with Elgin Baylors midair tactics and his greatjump shot. Then the torch passed to Jerry Mr. Clutch West (Minsk y 37) whoseuncanny ability to shoot was never again matched from this position. Early on,dunking was not used for style, it was just a way to get two points for the team until Julius Dr. J Irving came along. Dr. J was 67 (Minsky 64), had hugebut delicate hands, and excellent vertical and body control. Irvings highflying dunks electrified crowds, even from the opposing teams. Dr. J changedwhat was just two points into a massive rush of adrenaline. He did not have agreat outside shot but he could hang in the air with the best of them. The condition of Basketball games was not the best from the 1950s and 1960sdue to the lack of knowledge regarding how to keep the wooden basketball floorin top form. Today there are Million dollar arenas with sponsors ranging fromNike to Xerox. Some of the older players would probably say that players todayare spoiled in many ways because the former players did not have the break-awayrims or fiberglass backboards. the balls are also made of a synthetic leathercausing them to be more responsive in the dribble. The first professionalbasketball league formed was the National League and it consisted of six teams. When the National League folded, the Philadelphia League was formed. The EasternLeague, Central League, Hudson River League, and the New York State League soonfollowed (Hollander 17). The American Basketball League was formed in 1925 buthad only short success. The New York Renaissance Five was the first Black team,followed by the Harlem Globetrotters. The National Basketball League was startedin 1937 and lasted about 10 years(Hollandar 21-28). The NBA was developed in1946 and was a success because of its big market arenas like Madison SquareGarden in New York City. The Basketball Association of America (BAA) consistedof 11 members who scheduled games and found places for teams to play. The BAAmerged with the NBA in the late 40s. Now teams have their own arenas, enormouscrown support, and plenty of luxuries (Hollander 60-69). Original salaries weremicroscopic compared to salaries today, especially when compared to otherprofessionals. Basketball today is being sold to the public more t han any othersport. Corporate sponsors have lured players with million dollar offers. It isamazing at the difference between the salaries of basketball players andprofessionals such as teachers, nurses, social workers , and even what we payour clergy. The public wants to be entertained, and will pay for it, but failsto give adequate payment to professionals who affect our daily lives. The styleof play, players, facilities, and leagues have developed dramatically and gainedtremendous popularity since its soccer ball and peach basket beginnings. .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 , .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 .postImageUrl , .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 , .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5:hover , .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5:visited , .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5:active { border:0!important; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5:active , .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5 .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u524b50607e9e056a20df224e274415a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Odyssey Argumentative EssayThesis Statement: Basketball has come a long way since its soccer ball and peachbasket beginnings in that its style, players, facilities and leagues havedevoloped dramatically and gained tremendous popularity. I. HistoryA. WhatB. WhenC. Basic rulesII. DevelopmentA. First great playersB. FacilitiesC. LeaguesIII. SalariesA. OriginalB. Salaries nowC. Salaries compared to other professions

No Other Essays - Stonehenge, Henges, , Term Papers

No Other Despite the many purposes it seems to serve, Stonehenge is still the embodiment of mystery for most of the world. Some believe that its purpose was to be used as an astronomical observatory. Others think that it was used as a religious meeting center for the Druids. However, no one has been able to prove its true meaning and existence. Stonehenge is believed to have been built in three main periods. The first took place between 3100 and 2700 B. C. This part of the construction consisted of building a huge ditch around the area in which Stonehenge was to be built (Castleden 1). This ditch was 320 ft. in diameter with a broken area in which the entrance is located. Just inside the ditch 56 holes were dug equal distance from each other. These holes were then filled with chalk rubble, but some of the holes were filled with the bones of cremated human beings. These holes were called the Aubrey holes after their discoverer John Aubrey. To the northeast of the ditch a 16ft. tall heel stone was erected (Brown 751). The second phase of the building is non-existent to this day (Warwick and Trump I t can however be inferred by to holes known as the ?Q? and ?R? holes. The two holes form a double circle around the monument. It was originally filled with 38 blue stones. Also during this building phase two ditches were dug parallel to each other. The two ditches go outward from the entrance. This part of the building process is believed to be unfinished. This thought is due to the fact that some holes are missing in the double circles (Brown 751). The third phase in building is the most spectacular of all the phases. This is because of the 100ft. Circle that is filled with 30 sarsen stone columns which weighs 25 tons separately. A continuous circle of lintel stones held in place by mortise and tenon joints tops them off. Inside the circle is the holes known as the ?X? and ?Y? holes. Also inside are a small horseshoe shape of bluestones. The largest bluestone is called the altar stone. This altar stone's original location and meaning is unknown. It now lies under two fallen trilithon stone. The builders of this age of Stonehenge are the Wessex culture of the early Bronze Age (Brown 752). Those who constructed Stonehenge may never be known. There are many myths and legends as to who really built the huge monument. On such myth is that the great magician Merlin built Stonehenge. This was claimed in the book History of the Kings of Britains written by Geoffrey of Monmouth. According to Geoffrey the huge stones were taken from Ireland and moved to England where they were marked as a burial ground for slain British princes. This monument was set up by King Ambrosius. He sent for Merlin to give him a monument. Merlin suggested the ?Dance of the Giants? in Ireland. However the Irish were not going to give up their monument without a fight. They had set up an army to defend the giant monument from King Ambrosius's army of soldiers sent to fetch the monument. The British defeated the Irish but could not budge the giant stones in any way, shape, or form. Merlin, however, could. He came to their rescue and moved the stones with the greatest of ease. This story was a good explan ation to all medieval believers. Outline I. Construction A. Phases 1. Period I 2. Period II 3. Period III B. Builders 1. Celts and Druids 2. Merlin and King Ambrossius II. Purpose A. Solstice Calendar B. Druids Meetings C. Astronomical Events III. Feeling toward Stonehenge A. Peoples Feelings Then B. Peoples Feelings now

Why We Should Clone essays

Why We Should Clone essays Is there a consensus on the morality of cloning, human or otherwise? This hotly debated question raises many eyebrows when this sensitive subject is brought up. Through the mess of scientific support and religious opposition, as well as moral and ethical dilemmas, one thing remains the same; cloning is not yet safe enough to use on humans. Although, when it is, the benefits that result will greatly outweigh the risks and provide so much potential for the betterment of life. With proper legislation to control it, cloning on all levels, once it becomes safe and effective, should be allowed in the United States. No one knew much about the scientific world of cloning until 1997, when Scottish scientists cloned the first animal, a sheep named Dolly. Cloning basically means the copying of genetic material in one of two ways; blastomere separation or somatic cell nuclear transfer. With blastomere separation, the embryo is split soon after fertilization, and the resulting organisms are identical twins. This type of cloning can happen naturally or scientifically, resulting in multiple births. On the other hand, somatic cell nuclear transfer can only happen in a lab. In this process, scientists empty the nucleus of an adult egg cell, and transfer genetic material into it (CellNEWS). Dolly, along with other sheep, goats, mice and cows, have been cloned using this process. This showed that contrary to scientific belief, specialized adult animal cells do in fact revert back to a non-specialized, embryonic state; restoring the ability to produce any type of cell. It was previously thought that once a cell became a liver cell, or a heart cell the change was irreversible, and the unnecessary genes were deactivated (CellNEWS). Although cloning has been a major scientific advance, it has not been without its drawbacks. Failure has claimed about 98% of cloning efforts, the embryos either die during the gestational period or sh...

Biography of Heinrich Hertz

Biography of Heinrich Hertz Physics students around the world are familiar with the work of Heinrich Hertz, the German physicist who proved that electromagnetic waves definitely exist. His work in electrodynamics paved the way for many  modern uses of light (also known as electromagnetic waves). The frequency unit that physicists use is named the Hertz in his honor. Fast Facts Heinrich Hertz Full Name: Heinrich Rudolf HertzBest Known For: Proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves, Hertzs principle of least curvature, and the photoelectric effect.Born: February 22, 1857 in Hamburg, GermanyDied: January 1, 1894 in  Bonn, Germany, at age 36Parents: Gustav Ferdinand Hertz and Anna Elisabeth PfefferkornSpouse: Elisabeth Doll, married 1886Children: Johanna and MathildeEducation: Physics and mechanical engineering, was a professor of physics in various institutes.Significant Contributions: Proved that electromagnetic waves propagated various distances through the air, and summarized how objects of different materials affect each other on contact. Early Life and Education Heinrich Hertz was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1857. His parents were Gustav Ferdinand Hertz (a lawyer) and Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. Although his father was born Jewish, he converted to Christianity and the children were raised as Christians. This did not stop the Nazis from dishonoring Hertz after his death, due to the taint of Jewishness, but his reputation was restored after World War II. The young Hertz was educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg, where he showed a deep interest in scientific subjects. He went on to study engineering in Frankfurt under such scientists as Gustav Kirchhoff and Hermann Helmholtz. Kirchhoff specialized in studies of radiation, spectroscopy, and electrical circuit theories. Helmholtz was a physicist who developed theories about vision, the perception of sound and light, and the fields of electrodynamics and thermodynamics. It is small wonder then, that the young Hertz became interested in some of the same theories and eventually did his lifes work in the fields of contact mechanics and electromagnetism. Life's Work and Discoveries After earning a Ph.D. in 1880, Hertz took up a series of professorships where he taught physics and theoretical mechanics. He married Elisabeth Doll in 1886 and they had two daughters. Hertzs doctoral dissertation focused on James Clerk Maxwells theories of electromagnetism. Maxwell worked in mathematical physics until his death in 1879 and formulated what is now known as Maxwells Equations. They describe, through mathematics, the functions of electricity and magnetism. He also predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertzs work focused on that proof, which took him several years to achieve. He constructed a simple dipole antenna with a spark gap between the elements, and he managed to produce radio waves with it. Between 1879 and 1889, he did a series of experiments that used electrical and magnetic fields to produce waves that could be measured. He established that the velocity of the waves was the same as the speed of light, and studied the characteristics of the fields he generated, measuring their magnitude, polarization, and reflections. Ultimately, his work showed that light and other waves he measured were all a form of electromagnetic radiation that could be defined by Maxwells equations. He proved through his work that electromagnetic waves can and do move through the air.   In addition, Hertz focused on a concept called the photoelectric effect, which occurs when an object with electrical charge loses that charge very quickly when it is exposed to light, in his case, ultraviolet radiation. He observed and described the effect, but never explained why it happened. That was left to Albert Einstein, who published his own work on the effect. He suggested that light (electromagnetic radiation) consists of energy carried by electromagnetic waves in little packets called quanta. Hertzs studies and Einsteins later work eventually became the basis for an important branch of physics called quantum mechanics.  Hertz and his student Phillip Lenard also worked with cathode rays, which are produced inside vacuum tubes by electrodes.   Heinrich Hertzs portrait and drawings of electrical fields that he studied appeared on a German postage stamp in 1994. Deutsche Bundespost. What Hertz Missed Interestingly, Heinrich Hertz did not think his experiments with electromagnetic radiation, particularly radio waves, had any practical value. His attention was focused solely on theoretical experiments. So, he proved that electromagnetic waves propagated through the air (and space). His work led others to experiment even further with other aspects of radio waves and electromagnetic propagation. Eventually, they stumbled across the concept of using radio waves to send signals and messages, and other inventors used them to create telegraphy, radio broadcasting, and eventually television. Without Hertzs work, however, todays use of radio, TV, satellite broadcasts, and cellular technology wouldnt exist. Nor would the science of radio astronomy, which relies heavily on his work.   Other Scientific Interests Hertzs scientific accomplishments werent limited to electromagnetism. He also did a great deal of research on the topic of contact mechanics, which is the study of solid matter objects that touch each other. The big questions in this area of study have to do with the stresses the objects produce on each other, and what role friction plays in interactions between their surfaces. This is an important field of study in mechanical engineering. Contact mechanics affect design and construction in such objects as combustion engines, gaskets, metalworks, and also objects that have electrical contact with each other.   Hertzs work in contact mechanics began in 1882 when he published a paper titled On the Contact of Elastic Solids, where he was actually working with the properties of stacked lenses. He wanted to understand how their optical properties would be affected. The concept of Hertzian stress is named for him and describes the pinpoint stresses that objects undergo as they contact each other, particularly in curved objects.   Later Life Heinrich Hertz worked on his research and lecturing until his death on January 1, 1894. His health began failing several years prior to his death, and there was some evidence he had cancer.  His final years were taken up with teaching, further research, and several operations for his condition. His final publication, a book titled  Die Prinzipien der Mechanik (The Principles of Mechanics), was sent to the printer a few weeks before his death.   Honors Hertz was honored not only by the use of his name for the fundamental period of a wavelength, but his name appears on a memorial medal and a crater on the Moon. An institute called the Heinrich-Hertz Institute for Oscillation Research was founded in 1928, known today as the Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, HHI. The scientific tradition continued with various members of his family, including his daughter Mathilde, who became a famous biologist. A nephew, Gustav Ludwig Hertz, won a Nobel prize, and other family members made significant scientific contributions in medicine and physics.   Bibliography â€Å"Heinrich Hertz and Electromagnetic Radiation.† AAAS - The Worlds Largest General Scientific Society, www.aaas.org/heinrich-hertz-and-electromagnetic-radiation. www.aaas.org/heinrich-hertz-and-electromagnetic-radiation.Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Normal African Green Monkey Kidney Epithelial Cells (Vero), micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/hertz.html.http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hertz_Heinrich.htmlâ€Å"Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.† Cardan Biography, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hertz_Heinrich.html.

Human resource planning and recruitment strategies Research Paper

Human resource planning and recruitment strategies - Research Paper Example Also, the flexibility changes that have been made have also been discussed. Lastly, the recruitment decisions and the changes that are made have also been included. An attempt to provide examples for each of these situations has also been made to gain a better perspective of the situation and to understand how recession has impacted the companies. Human resource planning is the process of ensuring that the right person is at the right job at the right time. According to Vetter, 1967, ‘the process by which management determines how the organization should move from its current manpower position to its desired position. Through planning, management strives to have the right number and the right kinds of people, at the right places, at the right time, doing things which result in both the organization and the individual receiving maximum long-run benefits’ (Jackson & Schuler, 1990). There have been several businesses in the current economic environment who have made several changes in the human resources being used within the company to ensure that there is no wastage of resources and better levels of cost cutting as well. In the current economic condition with the level of recession increasing steadily, there are two main view points, a) viewpoint of the employees, and their salaries, and b) viewpoint of the employers and ‘loaded’ labour costs. Two of the companies that have used the recession as a basis for lay off include, Citigroup, which has laid off a total of 52,175 people, and General Motors which lay off a total of 75,658 people (Kneale & Turchioe, 2009). The companies did so due to the increasing expenses and need for cost cutting. However in the long term the companies do not consider how much of these lay offs could cost them. In the hustle bustle of reducing the costs, the companies, i.e. Citigroup and General Motors have also laid off several good employees who bring the company a high level of profit. In the long run this could prove to

Professional Statement for Psychology Counseling BA degree Personal

Professional for Psychology Counseling BA degree - Personal Statement Example As an individual who has deep concerns for the miseries and issues faced by the fellow human beings, I have often regarded the career of a professional practitioner of psychological counseling as an effective way to render my service to the well being of the society and the people around me. Similarly, a reflective self appraisal of my strengths, weaknesses, and personal qualities also offers me the good reason for selecting a career in Psychology and Counseling. As an individual who has successfully completed Bible college graduation, I am most concerned about the psychological affairs of the people around. I also have great experience of working among people who need mental strength and support. Along with my regular preaching in various religious programs, I also conduct Bible studies for women at a rescue mission. The experience that I gathered from such activities, significantly, strengths and personal qualities as a person qualified for the career in Psychology and Counseling. I share great compassion with people who are in distress and miseries, and have a strong desire to help them accomplish their goals. I have often been excited to find positive changes in the lives of people around me through care, compassion and divine understanding. My Christian values and spirit of compassion and charity also have contributed to my decision to opt for this career and course. Therefore, a self appraisal of my strengths, weaknesses, personal qualities definitely confirm that my experiences and qualifications will contribute to my chosen field, which is Psychology and Counseling (BA) degree. The career of Psychology and Counseling has a great scope in the development of my personal life and achievement of my life-goals. As a person who has ever been interested in assisting people in need, the career of a professional practitioner of psychological counseling can help me realize my career goals, and I understand Psychology

The Marine Corps Information Assurance Program Essay Example for Free

The Marine Corps Information Assurance Program Essay Program seeks to enhance the capabilities of the Marines in their knowledge of the use of Information Technology in order to facilitate the transfer of information from one point to another and assuring that the data gathered or transmitted is received in good hands, safe from intrusion of other people that may intercept the data. The reliability of the data and its source is also put into question with this program as it seeks to bolster the covertness of the information passed that has something to do with the National Security. (SHEA, 2001) In trying to achieve this, the Marines would have to upgrade the technology they have and at the same time, attain the knowledge needed in order for the Marines to operate the system properly. The Marines realizes the threat of having information advancement as a form of communication and it seeks to avoid the possible attack on its information gateways. Furthermore, the Marines would want the technology for data and information interchange to be secured at all times to hasten the spread of information. Another reason is that the Marines think that it would be a lot easier and faster for them to spread data and information on recent attacks rather than the persisting methods. In addition to that, the marines also feel the need to secure buildings that have the information so that when the need for the information arises, they would have the capability to get the information needed at a faster rate. Other threats that the Marines foresee is the possible crippling of the information dissemination by which the Unit may experience if they are not practicing the advance technology in which they can be capable of. The information circle would be easily crippled with the destruction of buildings that are related to the intelligence gathering that the Marines are going through. Furthermore, the threat of other people’s prying eyes with the Marines use of the Internet should be prevented in order for the Marines to operate peacefully and out of the surprising intelligence and powers of deduction that are employed by people nowadays. In order for them to achieve just that, the Marines would have to practice the arts of operating a system of the Internet that would be capable of the transmission of the information in a covert manner, helping them operate under the surveillance of people. Other than that, the Marines would also want the upgrading of the system and use of advanced operating systems in which they can freely pass information in the Information Superhighway. Getting back to the regulation, the directive aims to support the Marines in their endeavor to pass information in a covert way possible, in order for them to feel secure of the information that they pass to one another; Strengthen the lines of information exchange in which the Marines would be able to spread directives like this in a way that is secure for passing parties; establish a possible set of guidelines in which the Marines would be able to measure the strength of their Information Assurance Capabilities; Establish a good and secure structure of the security measures on the method of communication employed, in order for them to fully be aware when someone or something is leaking out; review and update the existing policies of security employed in the information dissemination in order to rate the system and change it for the improvement of the security and speed; use of the technology of the Internet and the Information Exchange in which the Marines would be given first-hand experiences so that they may be able to understand the capabilities of using such means; develop the users in such a way that each knows the responsibilities assigned to them and be aware of the existence of the program; undergo training for leaders in which they may know the extent of their powers and the heart of the processes involved; detect unauthorized activities and detection of possible flaws in the system that needs to be improved upon; and finally to establish the readiness of the Marines to the form of communication that they employ through trainings. These objectives comprise the goals at which the system would have to be based upon. Without one, the Marines would have to be clueless in their charges in which they have to understand the full value of what they are doing and why there tasked to do this. II. Corporate Impact The regulation of the Unit to comply with the company’s directive would have to be monitored regularly in order for it to succeed. The Marines would have to check regularly in order for them to understand the value of the program. The leaders should also be able to check the possible lapses in the security that needed to be changed in order for the whole unit to be under the control of the directive. Doing so would not only help the program to attain its goal, but also to train the Marines in different lapses of plans that may go out of hand in case. In addition to that, the leaders would have to monitor the troops regularly in order for them to realize the progress that their team is making. This program has no room for slacking off in order for them to understand the gravity of the directive. The lower level Marines would have to understand the true value of the filtered information in which they would have use of someday. Regular trainings and recollections are also needed in order for the higher level officials to get the feedback at which the Marines experience the changes. Information Assurance is a big deal that they should worry for the least of the lapses that would happen while they are in command. The informational structure of the Marines would not have to change as long as the leaders of each member know what they are doing. Constant Vigilance should be firm on the mind of everyone as this can be the least of their assurance that they are indeed taking the matter seriously. From the understanding of this, the leaders would have to be aware of the progress made by their subordinates in which they understand the program. Failure to do so would mean that the leader is not doing his job properly and it would reflect greatly on their superiors. If a Marine lieutenant has any problems with the program, he should need the advice of a superior regarding the issue.

Powerful Parallels and Deep Divides: Pluralism in The Poem of the Cid a

Both The Poem of the Cid and The Song of Roland were written in a time period where great new developments were occurring in Europe, but none more crucial than the rise of the Crusades and the ethnocentric viewpoint they propagated and were propagated by (Quinn). Of great interest is the manner in which both works deal with the nature of pluralism in European history. For the sake of this essay, pluralism will be defined simply as a state of more than one. Both works, written at approximately the same time (1130-1170 for The Song of Roland and aproximately 1207 for The Poem of the Cid, as per the book's forewords) have powerful parallels and stark contrasts, which when put in context are incredibly revealing of their respective author's/culture's attitudes about economic, cultural, and religious pluralism. An often overlooked place to begin evaluating these stories lies in their depictions of economic systems. The Song of Roland depicts a system that is primarily based on the giving of tribute, namely exotic gifts and treasure; clearly shown when Blancandrin counsels Marsilla to achieve peace with Charlemagne by promising him â€Å"bears and lions and dogs, 700 hundred camels and a thousand moulted hawks† (Burgess, page 30). However, it is important to note that the concept of paying with money is not entirely absent from the novel, â€Å"you will have enough gold bezants to pay your mercenaries well† (Burgess, page 33). Thus, one realizes that in The Song of Roland that two economic systems exist. The dominant system is the giving of gifts in the form of tribute to one's betters or equals like Marsile to Charlemagne, and then the less important/common payment of money to one's inferiors a la Charlemagne to his mercenaries. We can fin... ...hat were occurring there, namely the Crusades. However, subtle nuances and seemingly minor differences between the two works reveal two very different cultures, a deeply orientalist and unforgiving Frankish perspective represented by The Song of Roland that stands in stark contrast The Poem of the Cid and its diverse and relatively accepting Spanish ideal of â€Å"convivencia† that embraced pluralism in its many forms. Bibliography: Burgess, Glyn S.  The Song of Roland. London, England: Penguin, 1990. Print. Hamilton, Rita, Janet H. Perry, and Ian Michael.  The Poem of the Cid. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984. Print. Quinn, William. "The Crusades 1&2." 8 and 13 March 2012. Lecture. Quinn, William. â€Å"Cantar del mio Cid Campeador.† 3 April 2012. Lecture Kahf, â€Å"Medieval Spain, Competing Narratives.† 27 March 2012. Lecture

Recognise the impact of prejudice Essay

Three of the examples of prejudice or stereotyping in Task 9 and describe what strategies/methods as a community interpreter would use to influence/educate agencies in overcoming these barriers. Write about what systems agencies already have in place to overcome these particular barriers. Example 1: The Iranian Interpreter, how would you deal with this situation in a professional manner? Strategy: Get to know a person on an individual basis before you decide if you don’t like them. You’re not going to like everyone, but you do need to respect them as an individual and spend time with them before you make a judgment. You need to realize that your way isn’t the only way. Example 2: People who came from an Arab background and who attended mosques were looked at differently. This means that people you passed every day on the street were given a discrimination.This is not fair treatment Strategy: Learn about different cultures and people to understand differences between yourself and others. As you learn more, you can relate to other people better even when differences exist. You need to go where you are in the minority and experience what it is like to be in that situation. Example 3:Many people have the view of a person with mental illness as someone who is violence-prone. Strategy: Be respectful of differences. You need to be able to agree to disagree. Even if you don’t have eye contact with each other, you will feel and know that their attitudes and behavior.

A history of violence

â€Å"A history of violence† is a film which presents a world of â€Å"monsters† that has a presence which is not felt until the â€Å"monsters† emerge into action. The film focuses on the necessity of violence and the manner in which it destroys and in the same time saves humanity. The whole film concentrates on the double identity of the world. It is the classic theme: a fight between good and evil.The question which Cronenberg’s film raised is whether or not â€Å"the violent instinct is necessarily an evil† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_Violence_(film)). The main character from â€Å"A history of violence†, Tom Stall (actor Viggo Mortensen), is a tender family man, very in love with his wife. He is attacked in his dinner by two perpetrators which he eventually kills.He becomes a hero but in the same time his hidden past is starting to reveal. It is revealed that Tom ran away from the instinct of violence but this instinct fro m which he ran, in the end saved his life. He knew how to respond to violence with violence. This is a message to a world in witch violence seems most present and emphasizes that in this kind of world nobody can survive without the instinct of violence. Thus the human nature becomes dual; it is divided between love and hate.It is a history of violence because the movie presents: the past of Tom Stall who used to work for the mob, his name was Joey Cusack, but gave up because he didn’t want to be on that side of the society, then the present witch presents Tom as a peaceful, family guy who now fights to solve his past issues in order to protect his dear family, and the future which is predicted by Tom’s teenage sun Jack who is aggressed by bullies at school and he always avoided fighting them., this meaning that violence will never cease to be a real mean of surviving.Tom is a character who didn’t enjoy killing, in spite of this he is forced to kill. Violence is needed in order to keep on living. He hides his past from his family. He struggles to hide his violent side. Significant are the words uttered by a stranger regarding Tom: â€Å"you are trying so hard to be this other guy, it’s painful to watch†.No matter how much Tom tries to hide the inhuman side it arises when it is needed. His power to fight with the perpetrators emerges from somewhere deep and apparently can not be controlled. It is a question whether or not human monsters are born or trained to be violent.It is clear that humans are built from two parts: the violent one and peaceful one. History demonstrated that the violent part was not at all absent. It is a constant interior struggle to balance violence and peace. It can never be one without the other. Peace was always obtained with the help of violence, and tranquility was broken by violence.Tom is a character who hides his past. He became a family man after he escaped from the mob. These facts made him in th e eyes of his community a man with double identity.The community came to know a side of Toms’ that they were never aware of. During the plot Tom mutates, he turns from good to bad and vice versa. People are able to change, a different character is born, and new personality traits are formed as people grow up. A person identity is important because it places a person into society. Tom is Joey, Joey is Tom, they are one and the same person, one is from the past and one is the present, those two persons have to coexist in the end, it can not be one without the other because both are part of the same person.There is something dark and mysterious in every one of us. There are hidden parts of the human personality that can get revealed and shock everybody.There are various interpretations of David Cronenberg’s movie. It is a depiction of the long history of violence and its inheritance from generation to generation. Violence was and is used as a tool for settling disputes, i t’s a â€Å"Darwinian evolution† in which stronger organism replace the weaker once. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_Violence_ (film)).BIBLIOGRAPHY:International Movie Database http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0399146/usercommentsWikipedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Mla

Mla MLA Documentation StyleDifferent academic disciplines use different systems of documentation. The Modern LanguageAssociation (MLA) style, presented in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, iswidely used throughout the humanities.A. Parenthetical ReferencesB. Content and Bibliographical NotesC. List of D. MLA-Style Sample EssayA. Parenthetical ReferencesIn MLA style, a parenthetical reference identifies a source and refers readers to the full citationof the source in the list of works cited. Following are some sample MLA-style parentheticalreferences.Author and page (short quotation)Prose quotations that run no more than four lines in your essay are integrated into the text andenclosed in double quotation marks. The author's name need not appear in the parentheticalreference if it is included in the signal or introductory phrase, as in the first example:Mark Kingwell defines happiness as "the possession of virtuous character and theperformance of virtuous action" (327).The MLA Style ManualThe search for J.D. Salinger, the New Hampshire recluse whom one reviewer called "theGreta Garbo of American letters" (Swados 119), became something of a minor nationalobsession in the early 1960s.Author and page (long quotation)Prose quotations that run more than four lines are set off from the text by indenting ten spacesfrom the left margin. Block quotations are not enclosed in quotation marks.Swift's ironic "A Modest Proposal" paints a devastating portrait of Ireland's poor:Some persons of a desponding spirit are in great concern about that vast number of poorpeople, who are aged, diseased, or maimed, and I have been desired to employ mythoughts what course may be taken to ease the nation of so grievous an encumbrance. ButI am not in the least pain upon that matter, because it is very well known that...

Classroom Desk Arrangement Ideas

Classroom Desk Arrangement Ideas Your desk arrangement choices reflect your teaching goals and philosophy. The furniture in your classroom isnt just a bunch of meaningless wood, metal, and plastic. In fact, how you arrange the desks in your room says a lot to students, parents, and visitors about what you want to accomplish and even what you believe about student interactions and learning. So before you start sliding desks and chairs around, consider how various student desk arrangements can make it easier for you to accomplish learning goals and manage student discipline issues. Here are 6 suggestions for arranging student desks in your classroom. 1. Classic Rows Most of us sat in traditional rows during our school years, from elementary school all the way through college. Picture a room with students facing forward to the teacher and whiteboard in either horizontal or vertical rows. The classic row set-up places students in an audience collectively focused on traditional teacher-centric lessons as the day goes along. Its relatively easy for teachers to spot chatty or misbehaving students because every child should be facing forward at all times. One drawback is that rows make it difficult for students to work in small groups. 2. Cooperative Clusters Many elementary school teachers utilize cooperative clusters, generally disappearing as students move into junior high school and beyond. If, for example, you have twenty students, you could organize their desks into four groups of five, or five groups of four. By strategically forming the groups based on student personality and work style, you can have students work together cooperatively throughout the day without having to take time to rearrange desks or form new groups every day. One drawback is that some students will get easily distracted by facing other students and not the front of the class. 3. Horseshoe or U-shape Arranging desks in a wide horseshoe shape or angular u-shape (facing the teacher and whiteboard) facilitates whole group discussions while still forcing students to face forward for teacher-directed instruction. It might be a tight squeeze to fit all of your students desks into a horseshoe shape, but try forming more than one row or tightening the horseshoe, if necessary. 4. Full Circle Its unlikely that you will want elementary-aged students to sit in a full circle all day every day. However, you may want to have your students move their desks into a closed circle on a temporary basis in order to hold a class meeting or hold a writers workshop where students will be sharing their work and offering each other feedback. 5. Remember to Include Aisles No matter how you choose to arrange your students desks, remember to build in aisles for easy movement around the classroom. Not only do you need to allow students space to move, its important to note that effective teachers are always walking around the classroom using proximity to manage behavior and help students as they need assistance. 6. Keep It Fluid It may be tempting to set up your students desks once at the beginning of the school year and keep it that way all year long. But the art of desk arrangement should actually be fluid, functional, and creative. If a certain set-up isnt working for you, make a change. If you notice a recurring behavior problem that could be alleviated by moving desks, give it a try. Remember to move your students around, too - not just their desks. This keeps students on their toes. As you get to know them better, you can judge where each student should sit for maximal learning and minimal distraction. Edited by: Janelle Cox

Brand Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Brand Marketing - Essay Example As the report declares marketing for B2B focuses on a rather small market. Business value influences buying decision. In addition, the goal of B2B is to convert prospects into customers. B2B managers, therefore, tend to focus on relationship building through communication. Mainly, the business in B2B is between a business and other businesses. Advertising through media becomes critical in B2B marketing. This paper discusses that most companies consider B2B and B2C markets as diverse ways of marketing that must be handled excessively especially in relation to brand personality. Of importance to note is that, most of the companies that practise these kinds of marketing have brand executives who operate differently where little sharing of information is required. According to Rajeev 2012, brand management might decide to have their brand value generated through the use of both B2B and B2C markets. In contrast, the use of B2B and B2C markets might at times hurt the brand, drastically reducing the impact of brand personality on the given company. In light of this, there is shared brand equality among the product brands especially when there is visible corporate brand that gives credibility to every product that the company owns. The goal of B2C marketing is to purely change known shoppers into buyers in an aggressive but continent manner. In fact, companies that practise B2C marketing us e more merchandise activities like coupons, which are meant to capture the interest of the customers immediately. For instance, companies with B2C marketing may use emails campaign in persuading customers to buy their products. This type of marketing has assisted various companies in realizing the importance of loyalty (Prabakaran 2012). On the other hand, the goal of B2B marketing is to purely convert prospects into customers although it is longer and more involving. Most of the companies that use B2B marketing must focus on the improvement of relationship building and communication. Of importance to note is that content is the most crucial in terms of marketing. With reference to brand personality, Howard 2009 argues that B2B and B2C require brand in ensuring that the markets have more sales as compared to

Hybrids versus Electrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hybrids versus Electrics - Essay Example   Even though the electric cars had low-speed limits, they still held numerous advantages over their gasoline counterparts including minimal noise emissions, and no vibrations and smells produced by engine combustions and rotations. Furthermore, an electric car driver did not need to change gears while driving like the gasoline car driver had to and as such, they were easier to drive. The electric cars were especially popular among city dwellers, especially the women who were targeted by the cars’ marketers citing its easiness in operation. The electric cars’ sales were initially impeded by the limited electricity infrastructure but this set back was overcome by 1912 when most homes had access to electricity, driving a surge in sales of the cars. This was also the year when the early electrics sales peaked (Leitman & Brant, 36).The 1913 invention of the starter that enabled gasoline cars to start with ease almost caused the extinction of the electric cars and steam au tomobiles. Sales in electric vehicles dropped sharply with the next six decades experiencing dormancy in their mass production as gasoline cars became the preferred choice. However, the 1970s Arab oil embargo created new interest in the cars and environmental concerns also played a significant role in boosting their production. Hybrids are also considered electric though they are not purely electric as they only run as electric at low speeds above which the vehicles operate just like ICE with the exception of their braking systems.

Medical Ethics in Palliative Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Medical Ethics in Palliative Care - Essay Example This begs the question, just how precious or sanctified is human, life? That is probably the most subjective moral question one can posit , and the answers will vary widely based on the respondent religious humanist beliefs or lack of thereof. Many people hold that life is indeed priceless and/or sacred, however their view of how it should be treated in different circumstances tend to be radically different, under the phase sanctity of life, the idea of life’s sacredness is widely applied by pro-life activist to argue against issue such as abortion, euthanasia and abortion (Doerflinge and Gomez, 2010). Central to the debate on life sanctity is the subject of euthanasia which is one of the most controversial moral, religious and medical issues of all times (Baranzke 2012, p.295). The setting in which it most frequently arises is in palliative care where many patients spend the last days of their lives under medical care without any hope of recovery only awaiting what is assumed to be a certain death. In some cases, patients in this situations or their family may request that treatment is stopped or that the patient is given a lethal dosage or drugs such as morphine to â€Å"save† them from pain. While it is allowed in some states and countries but the legality has not significantly served to reduce the amount of controversy surrounding the issue. This paper will discuss the importance of sanctity of life through several arguments against euthanasia for patients undergoing palliative care and then examining and disproving some of the opposing views that have been used to trivialize sanctity by pointing out their underlying weakness with a view to prove that; irrespective of the intentions, euthanasia is morally and medically unjustifiable. The concept of euthanasia has been in existence for almost as long as the

Identification of Unknown Compound using 13C NMR

Identification of Unknown Compound using 13C NMR Identification of Unknown Compound #15 using 13C NMR and IR Spectra Paired with Melting Point Analysis Abstract Given an unknown compound, infrared (IR) spectroscopy can be used to determine the functional groups that make up the compound. This can be supplemented with 13C NMR spectroscopy and melting point analysis to determine the identity of the unknown compound. After completion of the analysis methods, it was determined that the identity of the unknown compound (unknown #15) is p-Methylaniline (p-Toluidine), C7H9N (Figure 1). Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is extensively used instrumental technique in organic chemistry. It is the measurement of the wavelength and intensity of the absorption of mid-infrared light by a sample. Mid-infrared is energetic enough to excite molecular vibrations to higher energy levels. The wavelength of infrared absorption bands is characteristic of specific types of chemical bonds, and infrared spectroscopy finds its greatest utility for identification of functional groups within organic molecules (1). An infrared spectrophotometer is an instrument that passes infrared light through an organic molecule and produces a spectrum that contains a plot of the amount of light transmitted on the vertical axis against the wavelength of infrared radiation on the horizontal axis. In infrared spectra the absorption peaks point downward because the vertical axis is the percentage transmittance of the radiation through the sample (2). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) can be used to complement IR spectroscopy. While IR can determine functional groups, NMR can determine the molecular structure. Finding the melting point of the unknown can help to determine the purity of the compound. Results IR Data: Functional Group Molecular Motion Observed Wavenumber (cm-1) Literature Value Range1-3 (cm-1) Peak Intensity Peak Shape N-H Stretch 3333.85 3335 Weak Sharp C-H Stretch 2914.73 2780 Weak Sharp C=C Stretch 1621.28 1600-1430 Medium Sharp C-H Bending(in plane) 1274.33 1275-1000 Medium Narrow 13C NMR Data: Atom Atom Group Peak Observed (ppm) Peak Calculated (ppm) 1 C-N 144 144 2 and 6 CH 115 115.2 3 and 5 CH 130 129.60 4 C=C 127 126.7 7 CH3 21 21.26 Melting Point Data: Observed Melting Point Range ( °C) Literature Melting Point Range4 ( °C) Trial 1 44-47 44-45 Trial 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   44-45 Discussion The IR analysis of the unknown compound 15 determined that it consists of a benzene ring, amino and methyl groups. According to the referred literature (3) values of 3335-3400 range for stretches are evident which indicates primary amines. The spectrum shows primary amines stretch at 3333.85 Next can be noticed that CH stretches from the benzene ring occur at 3014.65 and 2914.73. C=C stretches are known to occur at the 1600-1430 according to literature, and in this spectra are illustrated at 1621.28 At 1274.33C-H bend is evident. This spectrum correlates well with literature values which confirms successful identification of p-methylaniline. The melting point analysis was used to determine the purity of the unknown sample. The literature values for p-methylaniline range from 44-45 °C (4) and the observed melting point values were 44-47 °C for trial 1 and 44-45 °C for trial 2. The trial 1 has a higher melting point compare to the literature values. This could be due to the amount of sample placed in the capillary tubes as well as the purity of the sample (4). Because trial 1 has such a large range, the sample may not be pure. The results from the 13C NMR showed that compound contained summetry. Two peaks of the same height were observed at about 115 and 130ppm and two other peaks at 144 and 127ppm. According to the literature values aromatic carbons appear between 120-160ppm (3), which helped to determine that this compound contains a benzene ring. It was noted as well that one other peak appeared much further downfield at 21ppm. Using an NMR predictor, the peaks for p-methylaniline were calculated to be 144, 115.2, 129.60, 126.7 and 21.26 ppm, which match the observed peaks. Conclusion After performing IR spectroscopy, melting point and 13C NMR analysis, it was found that unknown compound 15 is p-methylaniline. P-methylaniline contains a benzene ring, methyl and amine groups in a p- position. Based on slight deviations in the melting point, the sample could have some impurities. An error could be improper loading of the sample in the capillary tube. So to avoid this chemical error, a better laboratory technique could be used. References IR Spectroscopy:Mohrig J.R. et al. Techniques in Organic Chemistry 2nd Ed. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skoog, D. A., Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 3rd Ed   Stawikowski, M. Experiment 2: Identification of unknown compound based on IR spectroscopy, melting point analysis and supplemental 13C NMR spectroscopy data; BlackBoard Smiley RA (2000). Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons.

Oppression in Jane Campion’s The Piano Essay -- Jane Campion The Piano

Oppression in Jane Campion’s â€Å"The Piano† Jane Campion’s â€Å"The Piano† relates the story of a Scottish woman who is sent to New Zealand, during the Victorian Era, for an arranged marriage with a farmer. Ada voluntarily gave up speaking at the age of 6 and communicates by either signing for her daughter, writing on a small paper tablet around her neck, or, more joyously, through playing her piano. After a long and arduous journey with the piano, Ada is forced to leave it on the beach where her boat landed. Left without her musical passion, Ada must learn to adapt in very male world. A native white man who has adopted the culture of the Maori Indians named Baines quickly discovers what the abandoned piano means to Ada. Baines secures the piano by trading 80 acres of land to the farmer and husband of Ada, Stewart. After getting the piano back to his home, he employs Ada to give him lessons, but really wants to have sex with her in exchange for the piano. Her passion for the music allows for this and an affair is born. The affair is discovered by Stewart and he goes irate eventually cutting off Ada’s forefinger in a backwards attempt to win her love. When he realizes the futility of winning her love, Stewart sends her off with Baines. On the boat to a new home and life, Ada insists of getting rid of the piano and almost commits suicide as the piano sinks to the bottom of the ocean. This movie is beautiful to watch, yet difficult. It is raw, yet the cinematography is breath...

Extreme Weather and Setting Essay

LO 3.1 Identify non medical incidents and emergencies that may occur in the work setting In my setting there are many roles and responsibilities that I have in a Non-medical emergency incident or emergency. All settings employing more than five people will have a safety policy and this states the emergency procedures in case of a fire and what to do in the event of some major incidents such as a child who has gone missing, an unwelcomed intruder in the setting or very extreme weather conditions. Now I am going to identify eight non emergency incidents and then for LO 3.2 I will outline the actions to take when there is a Fire, A Missing Child and Unauthorised Entry. Missing Child A child should never go missing from a setting and also they should not be able to open gates or doors and when practitioners go through the doors they should ensure that they are closed and locked properly. In my setting no child can get out because the back exit is locked after a certain time and there is a buzzer at the main entrance. If a child were to go missing I would raise the alarm and follow my settings procedures which are; * Make sure that the other children are safe  * Exits should be supervised to prevent the missing child from escaping * Tell the person in charge, Mrs. Quinn * The person in charge with organize a systematic search Evacuation There are many reasons that my setting may need to be evacuated for example a gas leak, fire or bomb scare. In my setting the person in charge knows what to do and evacuated the setting. The setting has regular evacuation practices and there are signs around showing where the nearest exit is and where the assembly point is. Fire If there s a fire in my setting I would raise the alarm and then close the doors and windows to stop the fire from spreading get the children out by the closes exit, then call 999. In my setting they have fire drills every 3 months and when the fire alarm goes off we reassure the children that they are safe. The teacher takes a register with them to see if all the children are outside safe, or are any of them hiding inside. Unauthorised Entry If there is an unauthorised person in my setting and if I’m with a child I would ensure that the child is safe and then escort the person to the person in charge but my responsibility at the time is the safety of the children. If the person refuses to leave the police should be called. Vandalism If there has been an attack of vandalism at my setting my responsibility is to ensure the children’s safety. Then I will need to inform the person in charge so they can organize it so that it gets cleared up but before this, photographs should be taken as evidence. Some examples of vandalism can include drugs, cigarette buts, broken glass or even broken school equipment. If these risks are not seen to when a child goes out to place they may fall on the glass and cut themselves or a younger may pick up a cigarette but and try to eat it. Bomb alert In my setting if there was a bomb alert then the setting would follow the normal evacuation procedure and all of the staff have the responsibility to the children to keep them safe. Flooding This event could threaten the safety of the pupils or staff if a severe rainstorm has caused the water levels to rise or if there is a burst pipe in the setting. If any of them happen then my setting will decide if an evacuation is necessary, let the teachers know that they need to evacuate and get the children out of the setting as soon as possible. Also when they are at the assembly point the teacher checks the register to see if anyone is missing. Extreme Weather Conditions Severe weather can also have strong winds. If this happens then my setting will tell everyone to take cover away from windows, evacuate any classrooms in direct contact with the strong winds and call the emergency services.

Filipino People and Rizal Essay

Introduction: During Rizal’s time, he showed us what a real character of a woman is on those times. He told in one of his letter that from his infancy woman are with agreeable manners, beautiful ways, and modest demeanor. But he also told us that there was in all an admixture of servitude and deference to the words or whims of their so-called â€Å"spiritual fathers†, due to excessive kindness, modesty, or perhaps ignorance. They seemed faded plants sown and reared in darkness. The woman of Rizal’s time responded to the first appeal in the interest of the welfare of the people. Rizal said: now that you have set an example to those who, like you, long to have their eyes opened and be delivered from servitude, new hopes are awakened in us and we now even dare to face adversity, because we have you for our allies and are confident of victory. This term paper will discuss what are the identity of Filipina from the past and the women identity today. The significance of woman from the past who followed Rizal’s bravery to fight for their right and their characters, will also try to see what kind of woman identity should a Filipino have, the Filipino women in Rizal’s novel or some of our woman leaders of todays. What is a Filipina? Is she Asian or Western? Is she the reluctant leader Corazon Aquino, or is she the self-proclaimed â€Å"symbol of beauty for her people† Imelda Marcos? Is she the modern-day Gabriela Silang who envisions and works towards cross-sectoral changes, or is she one of the millions of faceless and nameless struggling multitude who does anything just to put rice on the table, the ordinary Juana de la Cruz? The implication of an early paradigm of gender character and equality may have, to some extent, begun the process of identity formation. On the surface, the Philippine myth does not seem to introduce the notion of conflict. What is projected is compatibility and harmony. Just when and how, then, did the problems of identity conflict for the Philippine woman come about? The language of the colonizer is found to not only serve as a vehicle for literary expression, but also for setting forth the idealized image of a Filipina from a male perspective. A brief glance at literature shows an evolution of sorts of the Filipina from the pre-colonial Maganda of indigenous folklore, to the early 1800s Laura who epitomizes beauty and faithful acceptance of her role as prescribed by culture, religion, and society; and to the fictional characterization of womanhood drawn from two works of historical fiction by Jose Rizal, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Although Rizal’s central protagonists in both novels are men, the significance of the women characters lies in their symbolic portrayals of a people of many images, of a country torn apart by race, culture, and class. In Rizal’s attempt to define a nation’s identity by addressing the need for national reforms and by exposing the evils of colonialism, he may have also encouraged the need to demystify the Filipina. The colonial Spanish period’s desired image of a Filipina is embodied in the character of Maria Clara–beautiful, demure, modest, patient, devoutly religious, cultured, submissive, and virginal. The blood that runs through her veins is more European than native. Her ancestry is noted since it has a bearing on the idealized model of a Filipina, the Roman Catholic’s Virgin Mary, and European and foreign. Maria Clara belongs to the elite; her kindness is not to be equated, however, with social awareness. She is a repressed woman and her weakness and despair over a lost love overwhelm her, enabling powerful and sinister forces to slowly drive her to death. Perhaps, to a certain degree, this â€Å"ideal† is still upheld today, contributing to the confusion of identity formation, for the original application of the character â€Å"Filipino† was only for Spaniards and their descendants who lived on the islands; the indigenous natives were simply called â€Å"indios. † The 19th century saw a character reversal process: the latter (â€Å"indios†) who have capitulated, are now called â€Å"Filipinos† while the former, mostly direct descendants of colonizers, now prefer to call them â€Å"Spanish. † The character Dona Victorina is a reflection of the triumph of colonialism–the alteration of behavior and thinking patterned after the character’s perception of a superior race. One hundred years ago, there was a Dona Victorina. Today, the trappings of a colonial mindset persist, and are expressed in the attraction to look Western and to consume Western goods. Dona Victorina is a characterization of lost identity. Her frivolity, and that of Paulita Gomez, who is greatly enamored by the trappings of the elite, who loves the man who could maintain the needs of her class, and who is a vain and flighty version of Maria Clara, may be seen today in the persona of Imelda Marcos. The likes of Imelda Marcos also mirror, ironically, another Rizal character, Dona Consolacion, who can be described as an interesting specimen of colonial deformation. She may serve as an example of â€Å"the dehumanization of the indio,† a case of total alienation from her original self, or from her potential self. The character Sisa also represents the opposite image of Paulita, a contradiction of the so-called high status and the liberated label describing the Filipino women today. She is the woman Mary Hollensteiner speaks of in her article, â€Å"The Wife†: quietly suffering from subjugation, sacrificing to put food on the table, living only for her sons. Sisa represents the silent victims of an oppression which drove her to madness and death. There are millions of Sisas in the Philippines today: the unfortunate women who are scavenging for food in the mountains of trash, the degraded women whose bodies are used as commodities, and the abused wives who are repeatedly beaten by their husbands. The other woman, Juli, emerges as the one character that chooses death over a life in shame. She suffers abuse and humiliation working as a servant to pay her family’s debt. She brings to mind the women of today who work for starvation wages. Juli refuses to be coerced; her death liberates her from oppression. Among these characters, perhaps Juli best characterizes a sense of purpose and identity. In Rizal’s characters, the women who seem to be able to obtain their desired needs no matter the consequences are Dona Victorina, Paulita Gomez, and Dona Consolacion. On the other hand, misfortune seems to be the fate of the women whose consciousness could be raised to levels higher than that of self-sacrifice. The all-giving attitude of Maria Clara, Sisa, and Juli leads them to their deaths. Within their social strata, each character is confronted with varying degrees of oppression which in turn defines the parameters of liberation. In their ambition to hold on to the symbols of the ruling class, the former group has made themselves seemingly strong and highly visible handmaidens of a system which feeds on varying levels of coercion and subjugation. The latter group’s retreat into death or madness carries two concurrent views: 1) the strength to exercise a final liberation as a form of defiance to oppression, and 2) the weakness and inability to confront any form of injustice. Who is more oppressed? Who has really liberated herself? Perhaps, what we are seeing is the notion that oppression has slowed down the process towards a national identity in general and towards a Filipina identity in particular. The reality is that the Philippines is a country still going through the throes of colonization. Indeed, there are those who have catapulted to the highest ranks, such as Corazon Aquino and Imelda Marcos, who embody differences in substance, style, and character. However, there are contradictions. Corazon Aquino’s high visibility, status, and power contradicts the image of a meek and subservient wife loyal to the memory of her husband; while Imelda Marcos, the â€Å"Iron Butterfly† of unparalleled extravagance, is a drastic contrast to the image of a once dutiful and subservient wife. Despite the fact that both overcame the traditional roles assigned to women of their social class by reaching positions of political power, they remain subservient to the memories of their husbands, but exemplify the interests of the class they represent. Class interest is perhaps the overriding difference between highly visible women, such as Corazon Aquino and Imelda Marcos, and the fervent activist women carrying the legacy of an intellectualized Gabriela Silang. While women in power and women working for empowerment both assert a heritage and demand a platform, the contradiction probably lies in the former’s subservience and the latter’s ability to address issues that cut across class lines. But class again diametrically separates political women from those who suffer in silence, such as the patient and self-sacrificing women who toil to feed their families, work in sweat shops, as vendors, scavengers, and prostitutes. There are also those who come faceless and nameless for they may flit and slide and go seemingly where the wind blows, all these, indeed a kaleidoscope of conflicting Filipina identities. Not only do Rizal’s novels provide a matrix for identity and conflict, they also allow a rare view of a people’s past which formed their culture today, and of a social cancer of which, up to the present, â€Å"the best cure† is still to be found. In the process of identity formation or perpetuation of identity conflict, the women in Rizal’s novels best serve as bridges in the development process, allowing the flow from the early 1800s mythical formation to the current emerging identity. The social, cultural and political context of both past and present are mirrored in the novels. The myth of the â€Å"high status† of the Filipina has caused Philippine women, wittingly or unwittingly, to become at times participants in their own oppression. This â€Å"containment by elevation† has allowed the essence of womanhood to be subjected to and dictated by rules and regulations formulated by and for the satisfaction of a colonial society. Philippine women find themselves attempting to wade out of a quagmire of confusion over their identity. Remembrance of Rizal is fast disappearing when it ought to be cherished and honored by all Filipinos. It was he who, more effectively than anyone else among his compatriots, unified the disparate inhabitants of our archipelago into one nation. It was he who made them share a common rage against the foreign intruder and a common aspiration for the freedom of their land. Rizal awakened the national conscience from its lethargy not through the force of arms but with the armies of his pen. These were the â€Å"Noli† and â€Å"El Filibusterismo,† his â€Å"Letter to the Women of Malolos,† his youthful poems for the Motherland, his â€Å"Mi Ultimo Adios† that he secreted in a lamp in Fort Santiago hours before his death, and other irrefutable accusations against the Spaniards. His words were like mighty legions that won for our country the freedom we now enjoy. Summary As we all see, that woman of today are very different from the past. Filipino women today are brave and strong enough just like Rizal to fight for what they think is right. There also some women from the past who fight for their rights like education but as compare today woman are more confident to stand. There are woman activist who really do what a Filipino woman can do to make a stand for their fellow poor Filipino people especially those people who are uneducated, they take everything to achieve their goals. Nowadays, we are now equal with man in almost everything most especially in terms of education, all people in our country, man and woman, rich and poor are now equal in getting education. Because of it we are now challenge to face the adverse circumstances and continued to fight for changes, not just to limit our roles as housewives but also to continue fighting for what is right, and that’s what a real Filipino woman identity today. Just like Rizal, he focused on self-improvement, showing to Spain and the rest of the international community that, given the opportunity to achieve their full potential, Filipinos could stand alongside the best in the world and were eligible for self-rule. Then he set out to apply what he had learned as an ophthalmologist, providing a basic service that was badly needed by his impoverished compatriots. In his writings he emphasized the importance of education, seeing it as the path to national progress rather than armed revolt. We all know that prudence does not consist in blindly obeying any whim of the little tin God, but in obeying only that which is reasonable and just, because blind obedience is itself the cause and origin of those whims, and those guilty of it are really to be blamed. Rizal said that God gave each individual reason and a will of his or her own to distinguish the just and the unjust, all were born without shackles and free, and nobody has a right to subjugate the will and the spirit of another. I hope we can revive the reverent sentiments of gratitude to him for his efforts in releasing us from foreign bondage. Political rhetoric is not enough to keep his heroism alive. Let us remember that he forsook the enticements of his youthful and gifted life and embraced instead the ultimate sacrifice for the welfare of his country. That is the best homage we can pay the greatest hero of our race. Conclusion The issue of racial equality is today hardly disputed in intellectual circles. During Rizal’s time, however, the claim that â€Å"all races are essentially equal† was a highly debated topic among anthropologists, biologists, and philosophers. The readers of his novels, essays, and letters are familiar with his portrayal and denunciation of Spanish colonial rule. His insistence on the education of the native Indios, the representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, and more so the recognition of the civil rights of the Filipino are all based on the belief that there are neither â€Å"essentially† superior nor â€Å"essentially† inferior races. In this belief stems the conviction that his fellow Filipinos had the capacity for autonomy and enlightenment. The present Filipino youth must know that in order to make their presence felt, they must understand Rizal. To understand Rizal, they must have the spirit and motivation to do so. Without such spirit or motivation, they will never be able to understand Rizal’s objectives or even the other heroes who fought for equality and freedom for the sake of the Fatherland. I believe that the Filipino youth will be able to move the society through these implied teachings of Jose Rizal that will sprout a new love to the Filipino Hero, I admit that I only considered Rizal’s Life and Works as another general education subject that is needed to be taken. But what I get is more than just knowing Rizal, but also knowing my Filipino identity and that I must fight at all cost to defend my identity. A lot of what Rizal had dreamed of has now come true for many people in the state. He was already a modern democrat when he advocated participation in the state and society with education. Today, education is no longer a privilege among the small elite, for everybody’s participation in all public matters has become a right and duty. † One’s right to express him or her in all matters is founded on compulsory education with the required quality standards. References: Jose Rizal’s Writings in Europe and its message to the Filipino Youth Today Zaide, Gregorio F. & Zaide, Sonia M. 1998. Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and National Hero. Capino, Gonzales and Pineda: Rizal’s life, works and writings:their impact on our National identity Colonization: It’s Impact on Self-Image Philippine Women in Rizal’s Novels and Today By Linda Acupanda McGloin.